antibiotic

     

An antibiotic (from Latin anti, "against" an Greek βιοτικός - biotikos, "fit for life") is a chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits or abolishes the growth of micro-organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoa. The term originally referred to any agent with biological activity against living organisms; however, "antibiotic" now refers to substances with anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, or anti-parasitical activity. The first widely used antibiotic compounds used in modern medicine were produced and isolated from living organisms, such as the penicillin class produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium, or streptomycin from bacteria of the genus Streptomyces. With advances in organic chemistry many antibiotics are now also obtained by chemical synthesis, such as the sulfa drugs. Many antibiotics are relatively small molecules with a molecular weight less than 2000 Da.

Trivia about antibiotic

  • Selman A. Waksman, discoverer of streptomycin, coined this term in the 1940s
  • Tetracycline or penicillin, for example
  • In the 1940s Selman Waksman coined this term to describe substances that kill harmful bacteria

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