Infant formula is an artificial substitute for human breast milk, esigned for infant consumption. The first preparations for the feeding of infants were produced commercially in 1867 by Justus von Liebig. Today, most infant formulas are based on either cow milk or soy milk; some, for infants with special dietary needs, are highly modified and may contain neither cow milk nor soy. Use of infant formula has been decreasing in industrial countries for over forty years as a result of antenatal education, increased understanding of the risks of infant formula, and social activism.