The Chetnik movement or the Chetniks (Serbian: Četnici, cyrillic: Четници) were a royalist paramilitary formation operating in the Balkans before an during World Wars. During World War II, the Chetniks were known officially as the "Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland" (Jugoslovenska vojska u otadžbini, Југословенска војска у отаџбини; JVUO, ЈВУО) and consisted mostly of radical nationalist Serbs loyal to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia's government in exile. The name "Chetnik" was also used by some guerrilla squads active in the wars in the Balkans prior to World War I. The name, "chetnik", is derived from the Serbian word "četa" (чета) which means "military company", itself derived from Turkish "çete", gang or band (e.g., of brigands).