electrons

     

5.485 799 09(27) × 10–4 u

Trivia about electrons

  • An atom consists of 3 basic types of particles called protons, neutrons & these
  • Look out! These can fly around the nucleus at over 4 million MPH!
  • These charged, stable elementary particles are present in all atoms in shells around the nucleus
  • J.J. Thompson developed a cathode-ray tube with a screen to measure velocity of these particles
  • These negatively charged particles are found orbiting in a "cloud" around the nucleus of a stable atom
  • Luminescence is caused by the movements of these particles from more to less energetic states
  • A free radical is an atom or molecule that has an odd number of these
  • Friction gives a balloon rubbed on wool a static charge by transferring these subatomic particles
  • These sub-atomic particles form the smallest units of electricity
  • (Cheryl of the Clue Crew stands at a blackboard.) In the familiar atomic symbol, the dots represent these little guys
  • (Kelly of the Clue Crew explains her science experiment.) Chemical reactions of the paper clip's iron & the copper wire in the acid of the lemon juice draw these elementary particles from one wire to the other
  • (Jon of the Clue Crew shows the periodic table on a monitor.) The columns on the periodic table are of atoms with the same configuration of these as they fill the atom's shell
  • When filled, the L-shell around a nucleus will have 8 of these in it
  • Rather than in fixed orbits, these particles travel in shells or layers around the nucleus
  • In the typical ionic bonding found in table salt, sodium gives up one of these to chlorine
  • (Jimmy of the Clue Crew reports from the floor of the Stanford Linear Accelerator in Menlo Park, CA.) In the 2-mile long linear accelerator, an electromagnetic wave pushes these particles along, kind of like surfers
  • The configuration of these in an atom is usually given for the ground state, not the excited state
  • The Schottky effect is a type of increase in the discharge of these subatomic particles from a heated surface
  • In 1925 Wolfgang Pauli stated his exclusion principle -- no 2 of these particles in an atom can be in the same state
  • (Kelly of the Clue Crew reports from Sony Pictures Studios.) Some energy on the Sony lot is generated by the sun's photons striking the solar cell surface, making these jump from one atom to the next, creating a chain reaction which can be harnessed
  • A solid can be finely analyzed using the EELS technique, which studies energy loss in these particles