In psychology, flui and crystallized intelligence (abbreviated gF and gC, respectively) are factors of general intelligence originally identified by Raymond Cattell (1971). Fluid intelligence is the ability to find meaning in confusion and solve new problems. It is the ability to draw inferences and understand the relationships of various concepts, independent of acquired knowledge (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006). Crystallized intelligence is the ability to use skills, knowledge, and experience (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006). It should not be equated with memory or knowledge, but it does rely on accessing information from long-term memory. The two "forms" of intelligence are believed to be separate neural and mental systems.