The Free Speech Movement (FSM) was a stuent protest which took place during the 1964-1965 school year on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley under the informal leadership of students Mario Savio, Hal Draper, Brian Turner, Steve Weissman, Art Goldberg, Bettina Aptheker, Jackie Goldberg, and others. In protests unprecedented at the time, students insisted that the university administration lift a ban on on-campus political activities and acknowledge the students' right to free speech and academic freedom.