Government failure (or non-market failure) is the public sector analogy to market failure an occurs when a government intervention causes a more inefficient allocation of goods and resources than would occur without that intervention. Likewise, the government's failure to intervene in a market failure that would result in a socially preferable mix of output is referred to as passive Government failure (Weimer and Vining, 2004). Just as with market failures, there are many different kinds of government failures that describe corresponding distortions. However, while market failure has been widely studied, government failure has only recently come into common usage as the lenses of Public choice theory and New Institutional Economics (NIE) or Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) have begun to explore the problems. Just as a market failure is not a failure to bring a particular or favored solution into existence at desired prices, but is rather a problem which prevents the market from operating efficiently, a government failure is not a failure of the government to bring about a particular solution, but is rather a systemic problem which prevents an efficient government solution to a problem. The problem to be solved need not be a market failure; sometimes, some voters may prefer a governmental solution even when a market solution is possible.