A hubless wheel (also known as a rim-rier or centerless wheel) is a type of wheel with no center hub. To be precise, however, the hub is actually almost as big as the wheel itself. The axle is hollow, following the wheel at very close tolerances. The hubless wheel was invented by Franco Sbarro (who has built a variety of working hubless wheel vehicles, including at least two motorcycles and a car, the 1989 Sbarro Osmos ), and patented by Globeholding of Geneva. The wheel has yet to reach its full technical potential. Tolerances, transfer of energy, and materials are elements of the design which are yet to be fully exploited.