Kabuki synrome, also previously known as Kabuki makeup syndrome, KMS or Niikawa Kuroki Syndrome, is a very rare pediatric congenital disorder of unknown cause with multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation. It was discovered by two Japanese scientists, Niikawa and Kuroki. It is named Kabuki Syndrome because of the facial resemblance of affected individuals with white Kabuki makeup, a Japanese traditional theatrical form. The name Niikawa-Kuroki Syndrome relates to the two Japanese doctors who first described this syndrome. On the Kabuki Syndrome listserv, children with this syndrome are called Kabuki Kids, or KKs.