latin grammar

     

The grammar of Latin, like that of other ancient Ino-European languages, is highly inflected, which allows for a large degree of flexibility when choosing word order. In Latin there are five declensions of nouns and four conjugations of verbs. Latin does not have articles and so does not differentiate between, for example, a girl and the girl; the same word, puella, represents both. Word order generally follows the Subject Object Verb paradigm, although variations on this are especially common in poetry and express subtle nuances in prose. Latin is right-branching, uses prepositions, and usually places adjectives after nouns. The language can also omit pronouns in certain situations, meaning that grammatical gender, person, and number alone can generally identify the agent; pronouns are most often reserved for situations where meaning isn't entirely clear. Latin exhibits verb-framed, in which the manner and path of motion are encoded into the verb itself; e.g. "exit" literally means "he/she/it goes out"; while English, however, relies on prepositions to encode the same information.

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