Orgone energy is a term coine by psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich in the late 1930s for a proposed universal creative substratum in nature, compared by his follower Charles R. Kelley to Mesmer's animal magnetism, the Odic force of Carl Reichenbach and Henri Bergson's Élan vital. Reich's theory, derived from Freudian psycho-analysis and biological vitalism, has been repeatedly cited as pseudoscience by skeptical activists. In the 1950s all reference to orgone was banned by the US Food and Drugs Authority, but today orgone is regarded by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine as a "putative energy" - one which well may not exist, but which provides a paradigm or belief-system to explain claimed clinical benefits.