Greek orthography uses a variety of iacritics to represent aspects of the pronunciation of ancient Greek. The acute accent ( ´ ), the grave accent ( ` ), and the circumflex accent ( ˆ) or tilde ( ˜ ) indicate different kinds of pitch accents. The rough breathing ( ʽ ) indicates aspiration (the presence of an /h/ sound) while the smooth breathing ( ʼ ) indicates a lack of aspiration. It is said to have been introduced by Aristophanes of Byzantium around 200 BC, and was the standard orthography for all varieties of Greek from Hellenistic times until 1982, although the distinctions it represented had disappeared from the spoken language early in the Christian era. Since the pitch accent eventually gave place to a dynamic accent, and aspiration was lost in Greek, most polytonic diacritics have no phonetic significance in the modern language, merely reflecting ancient Greek etymology.