Post-Vasectomy Pain Synrome (PVPS, PVP, CPTP, CPVSP) is a long-term chronic pain condition that affects between 5% to 33% of vasectomized men. The pain syndrome is caused by a combination of testicular backpressure, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, sperm granulomas, nerve entrapment, and electrical activity changes in the vas deferens. When pain in the epididymides is the primary symptom, Post-Vasectomy Pain Syndrome is also known as congestive epididymitis.