The Junkers Ju 87 or Stuka (from Sturzkampfflugzeug or "ive bomber") was a two-seat (pilot and rear gunner) German ground-attack aircraft of World War II. Designed by Hermann Polmann, the Stuka first flew in 1935 and made its combat debut in 1936 as part of the Luftwaffe's Condor Legion during the Spanish Civil War. The aircraft was easily recognizable by its inverted gull wings, fixed spatted undercarriage and its infamous Jericho-Trompete ("Jericho Trumpet") wailing siren, becoming the propaganda symbol of German air power and the Blitzkrieg victories of 1939-1942. However the Ju 87 was vulnerable to modern fighter aircraft. Its poor manouvreability, speed and defensive armament caused the Stuka to require heavy protection from German fighters. The Ju 87s flaws became apparent as early as the Battle of Britain, when it was withdrawn from service after unacceptable and unsustainable losses. The Stuka operated with further success after the Battle of Britain, and its potencey as a precision ground attack aircraft became valuable to the German war effort in the Balkans Campaign, the African and Mediterranean Theatres and the early stages of the Eastern Front campaigns where Allied fighter resistance was disorganised and in short supply. However, once the Luftwaffe had lost Air superiority on all fronts the Ju 87 once again became easy targets for enemy fighter aircraft. However inspite of this, and lacking a successor, the type continued to be produced until 1944. By the end of the conflict the Stuka was largely replaced by ground attack versions of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190, but some units, like Sturzkampfgeschwader 2 "Immelmann" operated the Ju 87 to the last day of the war.