Telcoria Technologies, formerly Bell Communications Research, Inc. or Bellcore, is a telecommunications research and development (R&D) company based in the United States and created on January 1, 1984 as part of the 1982 Modification of Final Judgment that broke up the Bell System. Bellcore was a consortium established by the Regional Bell Operating Companies upon their separation from AT&T. Since AT&T retained Bell Laboratories, the operating companies wanted to have their own R&D facility. Bellcore provided joint R&D, standards setting, and centralized government point-of-contact functions for its co-owners, the seven Regional Holding Companies that were themselves divested from AT&T as holding companies for the 22 local Bell Operating Companies.